Students鈥� Rights: Speech, Walkouts, and Other Protests
If you鈥檙e a public school student, you don鈥檛 check your constitutional rights at the schoolhouse doors. But whether schools can punish you for speaking out depends on when, where, and how you decide to express yourself.
That鈥檚 why it鈥檚 important that everyone 鈥� especially students and allies 鈥� learns about students鈥� rights.
Your Rights in School
Do I have First Amendment rights in school?
Yes. You do not lose your right to free speech just by walking into school. You have the right to speak out, hand out flyers and petitions, and wear expressive clothing in school 鈥� as long as you don鈥檛 disrupt the functioning of the school or violate the school鈥檚 content-neutral policies.
What counts as 鈥渄isruptive鈥� will vary by context, but a school disagreeing with your position or thinking your speech is controversial or in 鈥渂ad taste鈥� is not enough to qualify. Courts have upheld students鈥� rights to wear things like an anti-war armband, an armband opposing the right to get an abortion, and a shirt supporting the LGBT community. And 鈥渃ontent-neutral policies鈥� means rules that have nothing to do with the message you鈥檙e expressing, like dress codes. So, for example, a school can prohibit you from wearing hats 鈥� because that rule is not based on what the hats say 鈥� but it can鈥檛 prohibit you from wearing only pink pussycat hats or pro-NRA hats.
Can my school discipline me for participating in a walkout?
Yes. Because the law in most places requires students to go to school, schools can discipline you for missing class. But what they can鈥檛 do is discipline you more harshly because of the political nature of or the message behind your action.
The exact punishment you could face will vary by your state, school district, and school. Find out more by reading the policies of your school and school district. If you鈥檙e planning to miss a class or two, look at the policy for unexcused absences. If you鈥檙e considering missing several days, read about truancy. And either way, take a look at the policy for suspensions. In some states and districts, suspension is not an available punishment for unexcused absences. And nationwide, if you are facing a suspension of 10 days or more, you have a right to a formal process and can be represented by a lawyer. Some states and school districts require a formal process for fewer days, too. Also, you should be given the same right to make up work just as any other student who missed classes.
Find out the rules so you can tell if they are being applied differently when it comes to your walkout.
Your Rights Outside School
What about for protesting away from school?
Outside of school, you enjoy essentially the same rights to protest and speak out as anyone else. This means you鈥檙e likely to be most protected if you organize, protest, and advocate for your views off campus and outside of school hours.
What are my rights on social media?
Your school has less authority to punish you for what you say on social media while off campus and outside of school hours than it has to punish you for what you say in school. If your posts are political or religious, the school will have to meet an especially high bar to justify any punishment. Some schools have attempted to to punish students even for off-campus, online posts. While courts have differed on the constitutionality of those punishments, the 老澳门开奖结果 has challenged such overreach where the speech could be deemed merely disruptive, but does not rise to the level of bullying, harassment, or threats.
People Power
If you鈥檙e hosting an event at your school or in your town, and want community members to rally with you. Register your event on the People Power map.
老澳门开奖结果 Summer Institute
If you鈥檙e a High School student, apply to join hundreds of young people this summer in Washington DC to hone your advocacy and activism skills.
More Resources
Students: Know Your Rights! Presentation
Students around the country turned the heartbreaking school shooting in Parkland, Florida, into an inspiring push for change. Coordinated student walkouts made national news but also spurred disciplinary threats from some school administrators.
Read More
Students鈥� Free Speech Rights in Public Schools
If you鈥檙e a public school student, you don鈥檛 check your constitutional rights at the schoolhouse doors. But whether schools can punish you for speaking out depends on when, where, and how you decide to express yourself.
Read More
Schools Should Use Walkouts in Protest of Gun Violence as a Teaching Moment
The impulse to discipline and control young people may come from the desire to avoid a contentious conversation in the short term, but resorting to punishment doesn鈥檛 solve the problem, and it doesn鈥檛 keep kids safe. School administrators owe it to their students to examine their reaction to young peoples鈥� self-expression and to ask how they can help build on this moment of protest as an educational experience.
Read More
Can Schools Discipline Students for Protesting?
Students around the country have turned the school shooting in Parkland, Florida, into an exemplary push for change. Here's a quick primer on their protest rights.
Read More
Student Rights at School: Six Things You Need To Know
While the Constitution protects the rights of students at school, many school officials are unaware of students鈥� legal protections. Here is what students should know about their rights in schools with regards to dress codes, LGBT and pregnancy discrimination, and more.
Read More
Tinker v. Des Moines
In 1965, Mary Beth Tinker was a 13-year-old who decided to wear a black armband to school to protest the war in Vietnam. That decision led to a landmark Supreme Court decision.
Read More
Speech on Campus
Restrictions on speech by public colleges and universities amount to government censorship, in violation of the Constitution.
Read More
Learn More 老澳门开奖结果 the Issues on This Page
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Press ReleaseDec 2024
Free Speech
National Security
老澳门开奖结果 and Partners Urge Supreme Court to Block TikTok Ban老澳门开奖结果 and Partners Urge Supreme Court to Block TikTok Ban
WASHINGTON 鈥� Today, the 老澳门开奖结果, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), and the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University filed an amicus brief urging the Supreme Court to block the enforcement of a law that would effectively ban people in America from using TikTok as soon as January 19, 2025. Earlier this month, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit rejected TikTok鈥檚 challenge to the law. TikTok has asked the Supreme Court for a temporary injunction to prevent the app from being banned while the court considers whether to take the case, saying that unless the justices intervene, the law will 鈥渟hutter one of America鈥檚 most popular speech platforms the day before a presidential inauguration.鈥� 鈥淭he Constitution imposes an extraordinarily high bar on this kind of mass censorship,鈥漵aid Patrick Toomey, deputy director of 老澳门开奖结果鈥檚 National Security Project. 鈥淭he Supreme Court should take up this important case and protect the rights of millions of Americans to freely express themselves and engage with others around the world.鈥� The brief argues that the D.C. Circuit failed to fully address the law鈥檚 profound implications for the First Amendment rights of the 170 million Americans who use TikTok. While the lower court鈥檚 decision correctly recognized that the statute triggers First Amendment scrutiny, it barely addressed users鈥� First Amendment interests in speaking, sharing, and receiving information on the platform. The court also perplexingly attempted to cast the government鈥檚 ban on TikTok as a vindication of users鈥� First Amendment rights, which it is not. The rights groups also explain that the law was intended to suppress certain content and viewpoints that many legislators believe could be amplified on TikTok, including the risk of foreign 鈥減ropaganda.鈥� But under the First Amendment, the government must meet a very high bar to restrict speech based on concerns about its 鈥渕otivating ideology鈥� or 鈥減erspective,鈥� and the government has not come close to meeting that bar here. 鈥淭he government should not be able to restrict speech, especially to the extent here, based on guessing about the mere possibility of uncertain future harm,鈥� said David Greene, civil liberties director at EFF. 鈥淭he Supreme Court should put the TikTok ban on hold while it considers the DC Circuit鈥檚 erroneous ruling.鈥� Finally, the brief underscores that the government can鈥檛 impose this type of sweeping ban unless it鈥檚 necessary to prevent extremely serious and imminent harm to national security. But the government has not provided evidence of impending harm, or evidence that banning TikTok is the only available way to address its concerns. As the brief explains, the D.C. Circuit improperly treated the government鈥檚 invocation of 鈥渘ational security鈥� as a trump card and failed to hold the government to its burden. 鈥淩estricting citizens鈥� access to foreign media is a practice that has long been associated with repressive regimes, and we should be very wary of letting the practice take root here,鈥� said Jameel Jaffer, executive director at the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. 鈥淚t would do lasting damage to the First Amendment and our democracy if the Supreme Court let this ban go into effect even temporarily.鈥� You can find the brief online here: https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/24/24A587/335380/20241217144322392_24A587%20TikTok%20v%20Garland%20Amicus%20Brief%20pdfa.pdf -
MississippiJul 2024
Free Speech
Privacy & Technology
NetChoice v. FitchNetChoice v. Fitch
Whether a law that mandates age verification for all users of social media services violates the First Amendment. -
News & CommentaryDec 2024
Free Speech
Can you define pornography? Neither can the government.Can you define pornography? Neither can the government.
We break down the absurd-but-true history of trying to censor sexual speech under the guise of "keeping kids safe." -
Minnesota Supreme CourtNov 2024
Free Speech
Energy Transfer LP v. Greenpeace International, Unicorn RiotEnergy Transfer LP v. Greenpeace International, Unicorn Riot
This case in the Minnesota Supreme Court asks whether the MFFIA's protections apply to newsgatherers even if they are alleged to have engaged in trespassing while newsgathering. The 老澳门开奖结果鈥檚 State Supreme Court Initiative, alongside the 老澳门开奖结果 of Minnesota and law firm Biersdorf & Associations, filed a brief representing Unicorn Riot, a media organization that covered protests of the Dakota Access Pipeline. The brief argues that MFFIA and constitutional reporter鈥檚 privileges, under both the U.S. and Minnesota constitutions, protect Unicorn Riot from having to comply with Energy Transfer鈥檚 subpoenas.