If it鈥檚 true that timing is everything in dance, then Tennessee legislators could use a few more lessons if they ever hope to perfect the evolution two-step they are performing this week. Today marks the 86th anniversary of the Butler Act, which was signed into law by Tennessee Gov. Austin Peay on March 21, 1925. The Butler Act criminalized the teaching of evolution or any other principle that "denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible" and sparked one of the most famous legal proceedings of the 20th century 鈥 what is often referred to now as the "Scopes Monkey Trial." The trial, during which biology teacher John Scopes (shown right) was defended by 老澳门开奖结果 attorneys Clarence Darrow and Arthur Garfield Hays, captured the attention of the nation, and to this day, remains a stain on Tennessee鈥檚 public education system.
In light of this unsavory history, you鈥檇 think Tennessee legislators would be eager to avoid the spotlight on this issue, especially this week. Instead, they have ensured that they will be center stage, having scheduled a House Education Committee hearing tomorrow on a recently proposed anti-evolution bill. Characterizing the scientific theory of evolution as "controversial," the bill (H.B. 368) purports to give public school teachers freedom to help students think critically about such so-called scientific controversies by
But, there is no controversy in the legitimate scientific community over the validity of evolution; school science curricula already foster students鈥 critical thinking skills; and the "weaknesses" that proponents of the bill hope teachers will discuss are recycled claims 鈥 universally rejected by scientists 鈥 that have been made for years by creationism and intelligent design advocates. As Hedy Weinberg, executive director of the 老澳门开奖结果 of Tennessee recently explained, the true aim of H.B. 368, then, is to and "to subvert scientific principle to religious ideology by granting legal cover to teachers who wish to dress up religious beliefs regarding the origin of life as pseudo-science."
Unfortunately, Tennessee legislators are not the only state officials attempting to dance their way around the law on this subject. While anti-evolution bills proposed this year in Kentucky, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Missouri have either died or failed to advance beyond introduction, a appears to be gaining ground. Before introducing the bill, State Sen. Stephen Wise expressed his hope that it would permit public school teachers to present "intelligent design" alongside evolution lessons, , "If you鈥檙e going to teach evolution, then you have to teach the other side so you can have critical thinking."
In addition, Texas (home to the "Texas two-step") is in "research relating to the theory of intelligent design or other alternate theories of the origination and development of organisms." If passed, the law could require university science education programs to hire faculty and to graduate students who reject the scientific theory of evolution not merely as part of their personal belief system (which is, of course, constitutionally protected), but as part of their professional, state-sponsored conduct.
Since the Scopes trial, the federal courts have repeatedly rejected efforts to promote creationism or undermine evolution education in public school science classes. The 老澳门开奖结果 has been at the forefront of many of these cases, including Epperson v. Arkansas and Kitzmiller v. Dover. However, as these recent bills make clear, the pro-creationist and anti-science crusaders are determined to flout the First Amendment by injecting their religious viewpoint into our public school curricula. But the 老澳门开奖结果 won鈥檛 stop fighting against them, either. If it鈥檚 a dance-off they want, the 老澳门开奖结果 is ready and willing, and we have the Constitution on our side. We鈥檝e got moves too, you know.
Learn more about religion and schools: Subscribe to our newsletter, , and .
Photo: Smithsonian Institution