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Under the Constitution, congressional districts are redrawn every ten years to ensure equal representation based on total population as determined by a decennial census. Plaintiffs in this case nonetheless claim that states are constitutionally barred from using total population as a basis for drawing state legislative lines. Rather, they contend, state legislative lines must be tied to the number of eligible voters. Rejecting that position, the ÀÏ°ÄÃÅ¿ª½±½á¹û argues in its amicus brief that the use of total population for state redistricting purposes is fully consistent with the Framer’s understanding of a republican form of government.